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*29.1.2006 |
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You can get Burmese Fonts at http://www.tayzathuria.org.uk/fonts.htm
urBmhtqdk;qHk; tm%m&Sif q,fa,muf ta=umif; (aZ,s a&;onf?)
tm%m&Sifqdkwm jynfolawG&J@ touf tdk;tdrf pnf;pdrftay:rSm wdkif;jynftm%mudk tvGJoHk;pm;vkyfjyD; xifwdkif;=uJaeoljzpfygw,f? ol@udk w&m;0ifenf;vrf;eJ@ z,f&Sm;vdk@r&Edkifygbl;? tqdk;qHk;uawmh vl@tcGifhta&;awGudk qdk;qdk;0g;0g;csKd;azmufaewmygyJ? tckazmfjyr,fh urBmhtqdk;qHk;tm%m&Sif q,fOD;pm&if;[m vl@tcGifhta&; apmifh=unfh a&;tzGJ@ / z&D;'rf;a[mufpf / e,fjcm;rJh owif;axmufrsm;tzGJ@ / tjynfjynfqdkif&mvGwfjidrf;csrf;omcGifhtzGJ@ wdk@yg0if wJh vl@tcGifhta&;qdkif&m tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;&J@ rSwfwrf;rsm;t& jzpfygw,f? 2005 wESpfvHk;&J@ xdyfqHk;u tqdk;qHk; (3)OD;[m 'DESpf 2006 xkwfjyefwJhpm&if;rSmvnf; tqifhrajymif;vJyJ t&iftqifhtwdkif;rSwfwrf;wifcH&wkef;jzpfygw,f?2005 &@Jtqdk;qHk;(10)OD;xJutm%m&SifESpfa,mufjzpfwJh vpfAsm; acgif;aqmif rdkrm u'gzD eJ@ygupPwefacgif;aqmif yg;AufZf rl&Sm&zf wdk@ESpfOD; uawmh 'DESpfpm&if; xJrSm rygawmhygbl;? aemifw&jyD; jynfolawGudk 'kuQawmxJuqGJxkwfay;vdk@ r[kwfygbl;? ol@xufolqdk;wJh vlqdk;vlrdkuftopfawG xGufay: vmaevdk@yg? uJ b,folawG b,favmufrsm; qdk;ae=ujyDvJqdkwm =unfh=uygpdk@?
1) tdkrm bm&SDtm (ql'ef ) tmz&duwdkufrS ql'efEdkifiH. tm%m&Sifjzpfonf? touf (62)ESpf&Sdonf? 1989 rSpI wdkif;jynftm%m udk pwif&&Sdonf? ,refESpfutwdkif;yif urBmh eHygwfwpf tqdk;qHk; jzpfonf? 2003 azazmf0g&DrSpI tm%m&Sif bm&SDtmonf vlrsKd;pkESifh bmoma&;ESdyfuGyfr_rsm;udk pDrHcsufjzifh vkyf aqmifvmonf? ql'eftaemufzuf&Sd 'gzm; a'orSjynfoltenf;qHk; wodef;&Spfaomif; towfcH&onf? jynfol ESpfoef; tdk;tdrfpGef@xGufajy;&onf? owif;aumif;wckrSm bm&SDtm. ppfwyf ESifh 4if;axmufcHtm;ay;aeaom *sef*sm0d'f vufeufufdkiftzGJ@onf 'gzm;&Sd&Gmrsm;udk rD;&SdK@ zsufqD;jcif;rsm; &yfqdkif;vkdufjcif;jzpfonf? aemufxyfrD;&SdK@ zsufqD;p&m &Gmrsm;r&Sdoavmuf enf;yg;vGef;oGm;aoma=umifhom &yfvdkuf=ujcif;jzpfonf? trSefawmh owif;qdk; omjzpfonf? wzef 'kuQonfpcef; rsm;udk wdkufcdkuf&ef wmplvsuf&Sdvmonf? TonfrSm vlrqefaomvkyf&yfjzpf onf[k owif;rD'D,mrsm;u us,fus,fjyef@jyef@ azmfxkwfajymqdkEdkifojzifh tm%m&Sif bm&SDtmrSm wurBmvHk; 0dkif;0ef; &SKH@csr_rcH&atmif a&SmifxGufcJhonf? 2005wGif ql'efawmifydkif;rS rlqvifr[kwfonfh t=uD;rm;qHk; ckcHa&;tzGJ@ acgif;aqmif *|ef *g&ef; ESifh jidrf;csrf;a&;oabmwlnDcJhonf? *|ef *g&ef;udkvnf; EdkifiH.'korRwtjzpf cef@xm;onf? odk@aomf 2005 ZlvdkifwGif 'korRw *g&ef;onf [,fvDaumfywm ysufus&mwGif yg0ifjyD; aoqHk;cJhonf? ,cktcsdefxd ql'efawmifydkif;udk bm&SDtm.ppfwyfrsm;u qufvufodrf;ydkufxm;qJjzpfonf?
2) uif *sKHtD;vf (ajrmufudk;&D;,m; ) urBmay:wGif twif;=uyfqHk; vlaer_pepfjzifh wdkif;jynfudk tkyfcsKyfaeaom tm%m&Sifjzpfonf? touf (63) ESpf&Sdonf? 1994ckESpfrSpI tm%m&vmonf? ,refESpfutwdkif;yif urBmh eHygwfESpf tqdk;qHk; jzpfonf? ajrmufudk;&D;,m;. tEkjrLvufeufxkwfvkyfa&; tpDtpOfudk wurBmvHk;u txl;*&kjyK apmifh=unfhae& onf? e,fjcm;rJh owif;axmufrsm;tzGJ@rS xkwfjyefcsufwGif ajrmufudk;&D;,m;onf ,refESpfutwdkif;yif owif;vGwf vyfcGifh tenf;qHk;EdkifiHjzpfonf? z&D;'rf;a[mufpf.xkwfjyefcsufwGif EdkifiHa&;vkyfydkifcGifhESifh jynfolrsm; vGwfvyfcGifhwdk@Y (34)ESpfqufwdkuf tqdk;0g;qHk;&SdaeqJjzpfonf? jyefvnfynmay;a&;pcef; rsm;wGif cef@rSef;ajc jynfolESpfodef;ig;aomif; udk xdef;odrf;xm;onf? wEdkifiHvHk;&Sdjynfolrsm; tm[m&rjynhf0yJ pm;aomufae&onf? ukvor*~ urBmhpm;eyf&duQm tzGJ@rS xkwfjyefcsuft& ysrf;r#jcif;tm;jzifh touf (7)ESpft&G,f ajrmufudk;&D;,m; cav;i,fwOD;onf toufwl awmifudk;&D;,m; cav;i,fwOD;xufydkI t&yf(8)vuR edrfhaejyD; cE<mudk,ftav;csdef aygif(20)ausmf avsmhenf;vsuf &Sdonf?
3) oef;a&$ (jrefrm) touf (72)ESpf&Sdonf? 1992ckESpfrSpI tm%m&vmonf? ,refESpfutwdkif;yif tqdk;wumhtqdk;qHk; urBmh eHygwfoHk; jzpfonf? 2005 Edk0ifbmwGif oef;a&$onf ESpfaygif;(120)=um jrdK@awmftjzpfwnf&SdaecJhaom &efukefrS (245)rdkif a0;aom ysOf;rem;&Sd vloluif;a0;&ma'oodk@ rnfodk@r# owday;jcif;r&SdyJ tpdk;&wzGJ@vHk;udk ajymif;a&$@cJhonf? tpdk;& 0efxrf;rsm;rSm ajymif;a&$@rdef@udk ESpf&ufom=udKod&jyD; &mxl;rSE_wfxGufcGifhr&=uay? urBmay:wGif jrefrmppfwyfonf cav;ppfom;trsm;qHk;jzpfonf? jrefrmppftm%mydkifwdk@onf jynfolwdk@tm; aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif twif; t"rRvkyftm;cdkif;apjyD; wdkufyGJrsm;jzpfaeaomae&mrsm;wGif ppfwyftwGuf ay:wmqGJonf[k owif;qdk;rsm;xGufonf? jidrf;csrf;a&;EdkA,fqk&Sif a':atmifqef;pk=unfrSm Adkvfoef;a&$. ta=umuf&qHk; twdkuftcHjzpfojzifh ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;onf? tqdkyg xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;udk wavmuyif aemufxyf ajcmufv oufwrf;wdk; vdkufao;onf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf. aetdrfudk tapmifht=uyfxlxyfpGm csxm;jyD; um;rsm;jzifh jzwfoef;oGm;v#ifyif tzrf;cH&zG,f&Sdonf?
4) a&mbwf rl*gab; (ZifbmabG ) tmz&duwdkufrS tajctaeqdk;oxufqdk;vmaeaom ZifbmabGEdkifiH. tm%m&Sifjzpfonf? touf (81) ESpf&SdjyDjzpfonf? 1980rSpI tm%m&vmonf? urBmhtqdk;0g;qHk; tm%m&Sif pm&if;wGif ,refESpfu tqifh(9)&SdcJh&mrS 2006 xkwfjyefcsufwGif tqifh (4)odk@ckefwufvmonf? tm%m&Sif rl*gab;.vufxufwGif ZifbmabGEdkifiHonf urBmhaiGa=u;tazmif;yGqHk;EdkifiHjzpfonf? vlOD;a& (80)&mcdkifE_ef;rSm tvkyfvufrJhjzpfonf? (20)&mcdkif E_ef;ausmfrSm tdwfcsftdkifAD (ath'fpf)a&m*gjzpfyGm;aeonf? EdkifiHom; rsm;. oufwrf;rSm 1988wGif (62)ESpf&SdcJh &mrS ,ck (38)ESpfodk@ usqif;oGm;onf?ouU&mfZf200wGif vljzLrsm; ydkifqdkif aom v,fajrrsm;udk rl*gab;u odrf;qnf;jyD; ,if;rStrsm;pkudk pdkufysKd;a&;ESifh rywfoufonfh 4if;.EdkifiHa&; r[mrdwf rsm;udk ay;vdkufonfrSpI v,f,mpdkufysKd; a&;vkyfief;rsm; ysufpD;oGm;onf? 2005wGif tm%m&Sif rl*gab; onf t"dujrdK@=uD;rsm;wGif rl&rfbwfpADem qdkaom tnpfta=u;rsm; oef@pif&ef pDrHcsufjzifh jynfol (700000)wd@k tm; aetdrfESifh tvkyf&Hkrsm;rS twif;t=uyf armif;xkwfypfcJhonf? odk@aomf ZifbmabGEdkifiHwGif pD;yGm;a&;rsm; ysufpD;,dk,Gif; vmaeaoma=umifh qENjyyGJrsm;jzpfrvmap&ef vufOD;atmif&Sif;vdkufjcif;jzpfonf[k jynfolrsm;u ajym ae=uonf?
5) tpPvrf um&DarmhAf (OZbufupPwef ) tm&Swdkuftv,fydkif;rS OZbufupPwefEdkifiH. tm%m&Sifjzpfonf? touf (67)ESpf&Sdonf? 1990 rSpI tm%m&vmonf? urBmhtqdk;0g;qHk; tm%m&Sif pm&if;wGif ,refESpfu tqifh(15)&SdcJh&mrS 2006 xkwfjyefcsufwGif tqifh (5)odk@ vsifjrefpGm ckefwufvmonf? tm%m&Sif um&DarmhAfvufxufwGif 2005ckESpfxd tusOf;axmifrsm;Y vGefvGefuJuJ ESdyfpufnSif;yef;r_rsm; onf tqdk;qHk;tqifhodk@a&mufvmonf? um&DarmhAf. trdef@jzifh ,if;ESpf arv(13)&ufae@wGif tpkvdkuftjyHKvdkuf owf&m xdkowif;onf rzHk;zdEdkifyJ xGufvmonf? jrdK@awmf tef'D*sef &SdtusOf;axmifwGiftzrf;cHae&aom pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sif (23)OD;tm; w&m;&Hk;trdef@ udk apmifhqdkif;aepOftwGif; ,if;wdk@udk axmufcHolrsm;u 0ifa&mufu,fq,fjyD; vGwfajrmufapcJhonf? xdk@aemuf jrdK@vnfacgif&Sd uGufvyfwGif cef@rSef;ajc vlxk wodef;cef@u tpnf;ta0;udk vGwfvyfpGm jyKvkyfae=uonf? udk,fcsif; pmemrnfh tpdk;&t&m&Sdrsm;vma&mufyl;aygif;vdrfhrnf[k ar#mfvifhaepOftwGif; tm%m&Sif um&DarmhAfrS ppfwyfudk apv$wfjyD; ypfcwfapcJhonf? &maygif;rsm;pGmaom trsKd;om;/ trsKd;orD;ESifh cav;i,frsm; towfcH&onf? 2003ckESpf OZbufupPwef Oya't& tm%m&Sif um&DarmhAfESifh rdom;pkrsm;tm;vHk;onf &mZ0wfr_ usL; vGefjcif;rsm;rS jypf'%fuif;vGwfcGifh&&Sdxm;onf?
6) [l *sifawmif; (w&kwf) touf(63)ESpf&Sdonf? 2002 ckESpfrSpI tm%m&vmonf? urBmhtqdk;0g;qHk; tm%m&Sif pm&if;wGif ,ref ESpfu tqifh(4)&SdaecJhjyD; 2006 xkwfjyefcsufwGif tqifh (6)Y &SdaeqJjzpfonf? w&kwfEdkifiHwGif pD;yGm;a&;vGwfvyfcGihf.tusKd;a=umifh EdkifiHom;rsm;tcsKd@rSm =uG,f0csrf;omvm=uaomfvnf; vlOD;a&oef;(150)rSm tedrfhqHk;vpmaiGr&SdyJ wae@v#if tar&duef wa':vm odk@r[kwf ,if;xufavsmhaom yrm% udkom &&Sdaeao;onf? tvkyfvkyf&onfh jyefvnfynmay;pcefrsm; wGif tr_rppfaq;yJ xdef;odrf;cHae&ol EdkifiHa&; tusOf;om; ESpfodef;cGJrSoHk;odef;xd&Sdaeonf? &mZ0wfr_rsm;tm;vHk;. ig;&mcdkifE_ef;atmufudkom oufaojzifh =um;em ppfaq;jyD; (97'\r&)&mcdkifE_ef;rSm tjypfay;cH&aomtr_rsm;jzpfonf? yk*~vduydkif &kyfjrifoH=um;ESifh a&'D,dktoHv$ifh Xmersm;r&Sdacs? tpdk;&onf jynfolwdk@.ay;pmrsm;udk azmufzwfjyD; ay:vpDESifh rnDnGwfygu wm;qD;ydwfyifonf? w,fvDzkef;rsm;udk =um;jzwf em;axmifonf? zufpf/ tD;ar;vfESifh owif;ay;ydk@aom pmom;rsm; udk qifqmvkyfonf? 2008 tdkvHypftm;upm;jydKifyGJtwGuf yDuif;jrdK@cH tenf;qHk;av;odef;udk ,if;wdk@aetdrfrsm;rS twif;t"rRarmif;xkwf cJhonf?
7) tufbf'lvm bk&if (aqmf'Dtma&;bD;,m; ) touf(82)&SdjyDjzpfonf? 1995 rSpI tm%m&vmonf? urBmhtqdk;0g;qHk; tm%m&Sifpm&if;wGif ,refESpf u tqifh(5)&SdaecJhjyD; 2006 xkwfjyefcsufwGif tqifh (7)Y &SdaeqJjzpfonf? tm%m&Sif tufbf'lvmonf 2005ckESpfrwdkifrDtxd bk&ifjzpfrvmao;aomfvnf; zatwl taruGJ nDtudk jzpfol zmh'f bk&if avjzwfaeonfh q,fESpfvHk;vHk; EdkifiHudktkyfcsKyfaecJhonf? aqmf'DEdkifiHwGif w,fvDzkef;ajym or#udk =um;rSjzwfI toHoGif;xm;onf? uifr&mygaomvufudkifzkef; rsm;udk roHk;&efwm;jrpfxm;onf? t&yfbuf 0efxrf;rsm;onf jynfwGif;jynfy owif;Xmersm;wGif yg0ifajymqdkygu w&m;r0ifaomudpPjzpfonf? Oya't& aqmf'D EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;onf rlqvifjzpf&onf? tjynfjynfqdkif&m vGwfjidrf;csrf;omcGifhtzGJ@.tqdkt& aqmf'Dykvdyfrsm;onf 0efcHcsuf&&Sdatmif r=umc% nSif;yrf;ESdyfpufavh&Sdonf? aqmf'DtrsKd;orD;rsm;onf trsKd;rawmfpyfaom trsKd;om;ESifh vljrifuGif;odk@ oGm;a&mufcGifhr&Sd? xdk@jyif vljrifuGif;wGif cE<mudk,fESifh rsufESmudk zHk;tkyfxm;&onf? um;armif;cGifhvnf; r&Sd? trsKd;orD;.tcGifhta&;rsm;udk wif;usyfpGm ydwfyifxm;onf? vGwfvyfpGm aecGifhrjyKay?
8) pygrl&wf eD,maZmhAf (wmhcfrefeDpwef ) touf(66)ESpf&Sdonf? 1990wGif tm%mpwif&&Sdonf? ,refESpfutwdkif;yif urBmhtqdk;qHk; tm%m&Sif eHygwf&Spf jzpfonf? wEdkifiHvHk;u csD;usL;*k%fjyKtyfonfh acgif;aqmifjzpfa=umif; rdrdukd,fudk wzufoyf tr$ef;wifonfh tm%m &Sifrsm;wGif eD,maZmhAfonf urBmheHygwfwpfjzpfonf? 4if;.EdkifiHa&;ay:vpDrsm;udk a0zefv#if EdkifiHawmfopPmazmufr_ jzpfonf? 4if;.wmhcfrefeDpweftpdk;&onf rnfodk@r#a=umif;usKd;qufpyfr_r&SdyJ &kwfw&uf pdwf&l;xjyD; vkyfwwfonf? &l;a=umifa=umif wm;jrpfydwfyifr_rsm;teuf aemufqHk;om"utcsKd@udkazmfjy&v#if armfawmfum;rsm;Y a&'D,dkwyfqif em;axmifjcif;/ &kyfjrifoH=um; odk@r[kwf r*Fvmaqmiftcrf;tem;rsm;wGif toifhoGif;xm;aom oDcsif;*Dwudk zGifhjyD; yg;pyfv_yf&Hk [efjyoDcsif;qdkjcif;rsm; jzpfonf? tm%m&Sif eD,maZmhAfonf trsKd;om; O,smOfyef;jcHrsm;/ aus;vuf pm=unfhwdkufrsm;tm;vHk;udk ydwfypfonf? usef;rma&;0efxrf; (15000)udk tvkyfrSxkwfypfjyD; trsm;pkudk avhusifhr_ ray;yJ twif;t=uyf ppfa&;wm0efxrf;aqmifcdkif;jcif;jzifh EdkifiH.usef;rma&; užudk zsufqD;ypfonf? jrdK@awmfjyify&Sd aq;&Hktm;vHk;udkvnf; ydwfypfvdkufonf? q&m0eftjzpf usrf;opPmusdefqdk&rnfhtpm; 4if;tm;opPmapmifhodygrnf[k usdefqdkcdkif;onf?
9) qmtd'f tvD cgarae; (tD&ef) touf (66)ESpf&Sdonf? 1989 rSpI tm%m&&Sdvmonf? urBmhtqdk;0g;qHk; tm%m&Sifpm&if;wGif ,ref ESpfu tqifh(18)&SdcJh&mrS 2006 xkwfjyefcsufwGif tqifh (9)odk@ vsifjrefpGm ckefwufvmonf? tD&efEdkifiHudk pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfolrsm;onf vGefcJhaom av;ESpfausmfuwnf;u EdkifiHa&;jyKjyifajymif;vJr_rsm;udk aqmif&GufcJhjcif;r&SdcJhay? xdk@aemuf oabmxm;wif;rmaom tD&efacgif;aqmifrsm;onf 2004wGif ygvDref a&G;aumufyGJudk rormaomenf;rsm;jzifh tEdkif,lcJhonf? 4if;wdk@onf 0ifa&muf,SOfjydKifaom ygvDreftrwfavmif; (44)&mcdkifE_ef;udk a&G;cs,fcHpm&if;rSy,fcJhonf? wzef 2005 ZGefvwGif orRwa&G;aumufyGJusif;yjyD; 4if;wdk@a&G;cs,fxm; aom rmrGwf tmruftDeJ*suf udkwifajrmufcJhonf? odk@aomf t,mwdkvm cgarae;u =uD;=uyfonfh (12)OD;ygonfh xdef;odrf;apmifh=uyfa&;aumifpD u tpdk;&.Oya'rsm;udk ADwdktm%mjzifhy,fcsEdkifcGifh&,lxm;onf? tm%m&Sifcgarae; onf owif;vGwfvyfcGifrsm;udk ydwfyifxm;onf? owif;orm;rsm;udk ESdyfpufnSif;yef;onf? vdifwlqufqHaom trsKd;om;rsm;udk uGyfrsuf&ef trdef@ay;onf?
10) wDtdk'dk&dk tdkbD,ef iltJrm (tufuGmwdk;&D;,m;vf *DeD ) touf (63)ESpf&Sdonf? 1979ckESpfrSpI tm%m&&Sdxm;onf? ,refESpfutwdkif;yif urBmhtqdk;qHk; tm%m&Sif eHygwf wq,f jzpfonf? vGefcJhaom (25)ausmfcef@u OD;av;jzpfoludk jzKwfcsI tm%m,lxm;oljzpfonf? EdkifiHrSm tmz&duwdkuf. ti,fqHk;EdkifiHrsm;wGufyg0ifjyD; taemufzufjcrf;Y&Sdonf? ukvor*~ avhvmppfaq;olrsm;.tqdkt& tm%m&Sif tdkbD,ef tpdk;&onf yHkrSef pHkprf;ppfaq;r_rsm;wGifyif ESdyfpufnSif;yef;onf? vGwfvyfpGm pum;ajymqdkcGifhr&Sd? pmtkyf pmwrf;rsm;vnf;a&mif;cGifhr&Sdacs? wckwnf;aom yk*~vduydkif a&'D,dktoHv$ifhXmeudk 4if;.om;u ydkifqdkifonf? 1995wGif urf;vGefa&eHodkufudk awG@&SdjyD;csdefrSpI tdkbD,efonf tar&duefb%frsm;wGif tar&duefa':vm oef; (700) ausmfpkaqmif;xm;onf? Tr#csrf;omaomfvnf; jynfoltrsm;pkrSm wae@v#iftar&duef wa':vm atmuf om&&Sdaeonf?
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