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Printable Version

cskkdKaom t&HSK;rsm;

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“avmuZmwfckH tv,frSm
usm; r r[l vlrSefors
Zmwftykdif;}uD; cGefESpfykdif;rSm
us&mtcef;u ukd,fpDukd,fiS
ujytokH;awmf cH}u&&Sm”............. &SdwfpyD;,m; (As you like it, II Vii 139-143)

               &dSwfpyD;,m;u avmu}uD;ukd ZmwfckH/ vlawGukdZmwfaqmif/ vlawG&J@oufwrf; cGefESpfq,fukd tykdif;cGefESpfykdif;cGJjyD;/ us&mtcef;rSm }uKHovkdujy o&kyfaqmif ae}u&&Smw,fvdk@ wifpm;cJ@ygw,f// vlwa,mufo&kyfaqmif&wJ@ tcef;[m ol@&J@b0Zmwfq&mu }uKdwifpDrH tuGufcsjyD;om;/ b0Zmwfq&m tvkdus qkd& idk& ujy tokH;awmfcH ae}u&&Smw,f vkd@ rSwfcsufjyK@cJ@ygw,f?
               &SdwfpyD;,m; jyZmwfawGuawm@ tajccHvlwef;pm;twGuf tenf;i,ftqif@jrif@ovkd jzpfaeygw,f? &kd;&myHkjyifawGuawm@ yg;pyf&mZ0ifawG/ orkdif;0ifjzpf&yfawGudk a&S;vl}uD;awGu aemifvmaemufom;awG oifcef;pm,lEkdifatmif olwkd@qkH;rcsifwmawGudk aq;cg;}uD;ukd o}um;tkyfjyD; azmfjyxm;wJ@ b0o&kyfazmfpmayvkd@,lqvkd@ &ygw,f? &kd;&mykHjyifawGukd zwf&wJ@tcg ta&;}uD;wmuawm@ pma&;ol&J@ apwemukd &SmazGoifcef;pm ,lwwfzdk@ygyJ? ykHjyifzefwD;ol a&S;vl}uD;awG[m 'Dae@acwfvlawG&J@ pdwfpm;7dkufawG/ tawG;tac:awGukd }uKdwifausmfv$m; odjrifaewmukdvnf; tH@}ozG,fawG@jrif&rSmjzpfygw,f? 'Dae&mrSm u|efawmf@&J@ t}udKufqkH; &kd;&mykHjyifawGxJu ykHjyifav;wyk'fukd r#a0cHpm;vkdufygw,f?
               [dk;a&S;a&S;wkH;u -- wkdif;jynfwjynfrSm auFsm;yDowJ@ ppfbk&ifav;wyg; tkyfcsKyfw,f? 'Ddbk&ifav;[m tifrwefrS owWdAswWdeJ@ jynf@pkHowJ@// bma}umif@vnf;qkdawm@ ol&J@ bkd;awmfawG[m tpOftvmt& eef;wGif;ol awmf0ifrsKd;EG,fawGeJ@ vufrqufyJ/ wEkdifiHvkH;rSm&SdwJ@ tacsmqkH;tvSqkH; rdef;rysKdav;awGukd&SmjyD; rdzk&m;ajrSmufvkd@ygyJ? 'ga}umif@vnf; bk&ifav;[m bkd;pOfabmifquf tvSaoG;awG}uG,fjyD; xufjrufaewmayg@? bk&ifav;[m rif;om;b0rSmuwnf;u rif;wkd@wyftyfwJ@ tXm&wW(18)&yfukd av@usif@oif}um;cJ@u,f? bk&ifb0rSmvnf; "g;a&;vSHa&;awGukd tjrJrjywf av@usif@av@&Sdw,f?
               uHta}umif;rvSwJ@wae@rSm bk&ifav;[m "ga&;vSHa&;av@usif@aewkH; rawmfwq ol&J@ b,fvufoef;xdyfav; jywfoGm;w,f// bk&if@orm;awmfawG tpGrf;ukef ukoayrJ@ ratmifjrifcJ@ygbl;? 'gayrJ@ bk&ifav;[m tvGefusef;rmoefpGrf;wma}umif@ r}umcifrSmyJ olh&J@'%f&m[m ajymufuif;oGm;w,f? t*FgrpkHawmhwJ@ ohhlb0ukd ra}urcsrf; jzpfaewhJwGuf oufawmf&Snf ynm&Sdtrwf}uD;wyg;ESif@ wkdifyifowJ@? trwf}uD;u - “t&Sifrif;}uD; a&$pdwfawmf nkd;awmfrrlygESif@ jzpfor#ta}umif; taumif;rSwfawmfrlyg? Trawmfwqr_[m aumif;aomjzpf&yfukd aqmif}uOf;vmrnfh bk&m;ocif&J@ aumif;csD;ay;r_vkd@yJ vufcHawmfrlyg? wkdif;oljynfom; awG&J@tusKd;aus;Zl;ukd a&S;&_jyD; t&Sifrif;}uD;&J@ a&$eef;pnf;pdrfukd ykHrSeftwkdif;jyefvnf pHpm;tkyfcsKyfawmfrlyg” vkd@av#mufwifowJ@?
               bk&ifav;[m tr#uf&SawmfrljyD; “igukd,fawmf&J@ a&$vufawmfjywfwmukd bk&m;ocid&J@ aumif;csD;ay;wmvkd@ av#muf0H@ovm;” vkd@rdefawmfrljyD; trwf}uD;ukd jynfESif'%fay;vkdufowJ@? wu,fawmh bk&ifav;u ao'%fawmifay; vkdufcsifwm/ oufawmf&Snf trwf}uD; qdkawmh eef;wGif;tpOftvmt& ao '%f ay;vkd@ r&bl;av?
trwfawGuvnff; bk&ifav; pdwfajyatmif awmvnftrJvkdufxGufzkd@ av#mufwif}uowJ@? bk&ifav;vnf; oabmwljyD; trJvkdufxGufvm}uwm/ awmeufwae&mrSm trJvkduf&if; bk&ifav; tazmfawGeJ@uGJjyD; vrf;aysmufoGm;owJ@? rsufap@vnfvrf;rSm;aewJ@ bk&ifav;crsm ,Zfaumifylazmfzkd@ ,zfaumift&SmxGufvmwJ@ vl&kdif;wpkeJ@wkd;jyD; tzrf;cHvkduf&owJ@?
               vl&kdif;awGvnf; vSyoefpGrf;wJ@ ,Zfaumif&vkd@ 0rf;omjyD; olwkd@e,fukd jyefvm}uowJ@? vl&kdif;awG&J@"av@xkH;pHt& vjynf@noef;acgif,HtcsdefrSm ,zfaumifylazmf&rSmrkd@ jyifqifr_awGjyKvkyfae}uowJ@? noef;acgif,H rwkdifrDvl&kdif;awG&J@ *kd%f;csKyf}uD;a&mufvm
jyd; bk&ifav;ukd aocsmppfaq;ygw,f?
               b,fvufoef;xdyfav; jywfaejyD; t*FgrpkHwmvnf;jrifa&m tvGefa'goxGufoGm;owJ@? 'Dvkd t*FgrpkHwJ@ ,ZfaumifukdylaZmf&if ewfrif;&J@trsufawmf&ScH&rSm rodava&m@vm;qkdjyD; bk&ifav;ukd,ZfylaZmfyGJuae tjrefarmif;xkwfzkd@ ol@vlawGukd trdef@ay;vkdufowhJ? 'DvkdeJ@ bk&ifav;vnf; olukdvkduf&SmaewJ@ rif;csif;awGeJ@jyefawG@oGm;jyD; eef;awmfukd ab;roD&efrc jyefa&ufoGm;owJ@? 'Dawm@rS bk&ifav;[m oufawmf&Snfynm&Sdtrwf}uD;&Jh pum;ukd owd&jyD; tvGefaemifw&oGm; avowJh?
               r}umao;rDu etzppftpkd;&[m vlxkacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk}unfukd aetdrftus,fcsKyfoufwrf; xyfrHwpfESpfwkd;jrSihfvkdufa}umif; a}ujimvkdufygw,f? twnfrjyK&ao;wJ@owif;&J@ tqkdt& etz ppftpkd;&[m a':pkeJ@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJcsKyftay: rw&m;uef@owfcsKyfcs,fr_awGudkvufcHzkdhhh a':pkukdaoG;aqmifwm r&vkd@ tckvkdvkyfjcif;jzpfw,fvkd@ od&ygw,f?
a':pktwGuf pdwfysuftm;i,fae}uwJ@ jrefrmjynfolawGtwGuf txufygyHkjyifav;eJ@ bm;rm;'kdif*suf uaewqif@ tm;aq;wkdufa}uG; vkduf&jcif;jzpfygw,f?
               'Dae@a':pkukdv$wfay;vkdufw,fqkdOD;awm@ 'g[mjyD;cJ@wJ@tywfu bm;rm;'kdif*suf t,f'Ddwm@tmabmf rSmygwJ@twkdif; " a}umifeJ@ }uGufajy;wrf;vkdufwrf; upm;enf; " eJ@bmrSjcm;em;rSmr[kwfblqkdwmukd 'Drkdua&pDbufawmfom;wkdif; od&Sd,Hk}unf jyD;om;yg? t&ifuvnf; etztaeeJ@ a':pkukd r}umc%v$wfay;bl;ayrJ@ tvGefta&;ygwJ@ ppfrSefaomap@pyfaqG;aEG;a&; (okd@) tm%mcGJa0r_twGuf ,kH}unfr_wnfaqmufa&;ukd &dk;om;pGmpwifa&; (odk@) EkdifiHawmftm%mukd ykdif&SiftppftrSef jzpfwJ@jynfolw&yfvkH;xHokd@ tjrefv$Jajymif;ay;a&;awGukd vpfvsL&_cJ@}uw,f? etzppftpkd;&[m tm%mpGef@v$wfa&;ukd tcsdefqGJjyD; urBmeJ@jrefrm jynfolawGukd enf;rsKd;okH;jyD; t&l;vkyfae}uw,f?
               ae0if;&J@ jynfolvlxkukd tm%mv$Jajymif;ay;a&; qkdwmuvnf; jynfolvlxk&J@ ra}ueyfr_awGukd acwWjidrfoufoGm;atmmif vSnf@pm;cJhjcif;omjzpfygw,f? tm%mukd olwkd@&J@nmbuftdyfuae b,fbuftdyfukdajymif;xnf@vkdufovkd rsufvSnf@jyjcif; rsKd;omjzpfygw,f?
etzppftpkd;&[m taz}uD;ae0if;&J@ ajc&meif;zkd@}ukd;pm;aeayrJ@ olwkd@&J@ uvdrfuuspf Om%fawGukd urBmu odjyD;jzpfygw,f? ajrykHvrf;n$efrygwJ@ olwkd@&@J 'Drkdua&pDvrf;jyajrykH qkdwmukdvnf; b,folrSt,kHt}unf r&Sd}uygbl;? etzppftpkd;&[m Zmwfwlom;jcif; tpm;cHvkduf&&SmwJ@ cifn$ef@ eJ@ oef;xGef;wdkhukd ckwkH;vkyf/ a':pkESif@ap@pyfaqG;aeoa,mif a&a,mifvkyfjyD; urBmukdt,kHoGif;cJ@}ujyefw,f? &mZmvD/ ay:vkdqm*sD,kdyDeJ&kd; eJ@ qkd'f[mrpf(') wkd@ukdvnf; atmifjrifpGmeJ@ t&l;vkyfEkdifcJ@w,f? tckvnf; ukvor*~ vufaxmuf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; tDA&m[if*rfA&D ckwkH;vkyfjyD; tm%mukdoufqkd;&Snfa&;twGuf tcsdefqGJyGJukd pawm@r,fqkdwm jrefrmjynfolw&yfvkH; todjzpfygw,f?
               etzppftpkd;&[m jrefrmjynfolw&yfvkH;&J@ ppfrSefaomqEN/ urBmacgif;aqmifrsm;eJ@ ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyf&J@ arwWm&yfcHcsufrsm;ukd OyuQmjyK jyD; rkdufrJpGmeJ@ olwkd&J@ uvdefuspfvrf;pOfukd qufvuftaumiftxnfazmf ae}uw,f?
'gayrJ@ 'DrdkufrJwJ@ vkyf&yfawG[m aumif;aomjzpf&yfawGukd aqmifusOf;vmrnfJ@ qkd;usKd;awGvnf;jzpfEkdifygw,f? &kyfzsufvmaom aumif;jcif;w&m;rsm; (odkh) cskkdKaomt&HSK;rsm;[k xl;tdrfoif. oDcsif;trnfudkom ay;vkdufcsifygw,f?
               etzppftpkd;&[m “a}umifeJ@}uGuf ajy;wrf;vkdufwrf;” (okd@) olwkd@&J@ urBmausmf tcdsefqGJ vSnf@pm;enf;awG qufvuftokH;jyKaejcif;ESifh jrefrmjynfolawG&J@ 'kuQawGukd rodcsifa,mifaqmifum rsufap@ wzufrSdwfIfaeaom r&kd;om;wJ@ urBm@acgif;aqmifwcsKd@eJ@aygif;jyD; jrefrm@ a&ajr o,HZmwawGukd a&mif;pm; *kwfaoG;pkyfaewm[m “v,fjyifrSmqifoGm;ovkd” xif&Sm;aeygjyD?
               etzppftpkd;&[m rkdufrJpGm bufpkHppfrsufESmzGif@jyD;awm@ -

• trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJcsKyf/

• &Srf;trsKd;om;rsm; 'Drkdua&pD tzGJcsKyf/

• &Srf;wkdif;&if;om;awG/

• u&ifwkdif;&if;om;awG/

• csid;wkdif;&if;om;awG/

• rGefwkdif;om;awG/

• aoG;aESmjrefrmawG/

• tpPvmrfbmom0ifawG/

• c&pf,mefbmomoifawG/

• &kd[if*smrsKd;EG,fpkawG/

• e,fpyfa'ou awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkawG/

• jidrf;csrf;a&;,lxm;wJ@ wkdif;&if;om;vufeufukdiftz@GJawG/

• 'Drkdua&pDbufawmfom; jrefrmjynfoljynfom;awG/ omru

• urBm@ukvor*~tzGJ@csKyf/

• urBm@t vkyfoRm;tzGJ@csKyf/

• urBm@ukvor*~ 'kuQonfrsm;tzGJ@csKyf/

• urBm@}uufajceDtzGJ@csKyf/

• tjynfjynfqkdif&m v$wfjidrf;csrf;omcGif@tzGJ@/

• tar&duefjynfaxmifpk/

Oa&myor*~tzGJ@ awGukdenf;rsKd;pkHeJ@ rkdufrJpGm bufpkHppfrsufESmzGif@jyD;awm@ aoG;&l;aoG;wrf; wkdufckdufaejcif;jzpfw,f? 'gayrJ@ 'DrdkufrJwJ@ vkyf&yfawG[maumif;aomjzpf&yfawGukd aqmifusOf;vmrJ@ qkd;usKd;awGvnf;jzpfygw,f? cskkdKaomt&HSK;rsm;ayghav?
               jrefrm@v$wfvyfa&;twGuf }udK;yrf;cJ@pOfumvu "t*Fvdyf tcuf-Armh tcsuf" qkdjyD; a}uG;a}umfwkdufyGJ0ifcJ@}uw,f? tcktcsdefrSm etzppftpkd;&[m t&l;rD;0kdif;jzpfaejyD? 'Dawm@u|efawmfwkd@ tm;vkH; etz ppftpkd;ukd "etz tcuf-jrefrmhtcsuf" vkd@ a}uG;a}umfjyD; 'Drkdua&pDwkdufyGJukd pwif}uygpdk@?
r}umao;rDuyJ q&m}uD;a'gufwm qvkdif;xGef;oef;u ol@toufukd y"merxm;bJ jynfol@tm%mzDqefyGJw&yfeJ@ 'Drkdua&pDta&;awmfykHukd p}u vkd@a}ujimcJ@w,f?              

oli,fcsif; rsm; ESifh pm &SKolwkdhh h---
tu,fI rif;[m
a}umufrufzG,f jynfwGif;ppf tEW&m,fawG
okH@yef; b0&J@ txD;usefr_awG
&efol&J@Ekdifvkd rif;xuf tEkdifusif@r_awG
iwfrGwfacgif;yg;vkd@ rdom;pktoufqkH;&_H;&r_awGukd
cHpm;rae&bl; qkd&if---
rif;[m urBmhvlom; oef; 2000 xufomvGefwJ@b0yg oli,fcsif;?
oli,fcsif;/ tu,fI rif;[m
rif;,Hk}unfwJ@ bmomt,l0g'ukd
vGwfvyfpGm,Hk}unfukd;uG,fcGif@eJ@
vGwfvyfpGm pnf;a0;cGif@ &xm;w,fqkd&if
('gr[kwf) rif;[m
bmomt,l0g' wpfckckkukd ,kH}unfrdvkd@
zrf;qD;ESdyfpuf uGyfrsuf rcH&bl; qkd&if
rif;[m urBmay:u vlom;oef; 300 xufuHaumif;wJ@b0yg?
oli,fcsif;/ tu,fI rif;[m
rif;&J@a}umiftdrfxJrSm weyfpm xrif;&Sdaeao;w,fqkd&if
rif;&J@ udk,fay:rSm t0wfvkHvkHjcHKjcKH &Sdaeao;w,fqkd&if
tdyfcsdefa&mufvkd@ ausmcsp&m zsmwcsyf eJ@
rkd;vkHavvkH tcef;&Sdaeao;w,fqkd&if
rif;[m urBmvlom; 75 % xufcsrf;omaejyD oli,fcsif;?
oli,fcsif;/
tu,fI rif;[m ig@&J@'DpmukdzwfjyD;jyD; qkd&ifawm@ ---
rif;[m urBmay:rSm vlom; oef; 200 xuf ykdjyd;uHaumif;wJ@ uHxl;&Sif}uD;ayg@oli,fcsif; -
bma}umif@vJqdkawm@ olwkd@cifAsm pmqdkfvkd@ euef;wvkH;awmif oif}um;cGif@r&&SmwJ@ b0yg oli,fcsif;?
(trnfrod pmqkd)

               wkdawmif;wJ@b0rSm }unfhwwf&if udk,f&xm;wJ@ tusKd;ay;r_awG[m trsm;}uD;yg? wcgw&H rSm uH}urRm apmif@ewfrif;[m udk,fa&mifxnf0gpGmeJ@ udk,fxifjyvmwwfjyD;/ wcgw&H rSmawm@ tajctaetcsdeftcgvkdufI bDvl;acgif;aqmif;jyD; ukd,fa&mifazsmufvmav@ &Sdw,f?
               jrefrmjynfolawGvnf; 'Dae@}uKHawG@ae&wJ@ ,m,D&_H;edrf@r_awG/ usqkH;r_awGa}umif@ b0ysufhjyDa[@/ “aoaomfrSonf }oaumif;.” vkd@nOf;wGm;vufrajrmufbJ/ 'gawG[m atmifjrifr_awGukd aqmifusOf;vmrJ@ tysufoabmtcshKhdhh &kyfzsufvmaom aumif;jcif;w&m;rsm; (odkh) cskkdKaomt&HSK;rsm;om jzpfw,fvkd@ ,lq}uyg? ukd,f&xm;wJ@ aumif;usKd;awGukdtpGrf;ukeftokH;csjyD; etztm%m&l;awGukd jzKwfcszkd@ toif@jyifzkd@ tcsdef}uygjyD?
               ra0;awm@wJ@wae@rSm 'Drkdua&pDo&zlukd wkd@tm;vkH;aysmf&$ifpGmeJ@ vlxkacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk}unf&J@ OD;acgif;xufrSm aqmif;ay;EkdifrJ@tcsdef a&mufvmawm@rSmyg?
               ta&;awmfykH rkcsatmif&rnf?
(Akdvfatmif'ifa&;/ tkH;ausmfjrifh jrefrmrSKjyK I xGef;atmif pmpDonf?)

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