06.08.2006
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Arm@EkdifiHa&; upm;uGufrsm;ukd okH;oyfjcif;
bm;rm;'kdif*suf(p) aqmif;yg;&SifwcsKd@&J@ vlxktkH=uGr_ a&;om;csuf rsm; ta=umif;ukd zwf&jyD;aemuf ygarmufc a'gufwm qvkdif;xGef;oef;&J@ vlxktm%mzDqefr_ v_H@aqmfr_ukdvnf; awhGvkduf&I Taqmif;yg;ukda&;vkduf&jcif;jzpfygonf ? ,aeh Arm@EkdifiHa&; ukdjrifuGif;ukd ocsFmynm&Sif wOD;.tjrifjzif@ okH;oyfwifjyvkdufygonf ?
pD;yGm;a&;ynm&Sif *|efeuf(&Sf) onfol. “ EkdifiHa&;upm;uGufoDtkd&D ” jzifh Ekdb,fqkudk &&SdcJ@ygonf ? EkdifiHa&;orm;tm;vkH;onf EkdifiHa&;upm;uGufrsdK;pkHjzif@ EkdifiHa&; vkyfae =uonf ? euf(&Sf) &J@ EkdifiHa&;upm;uGuf oDtkd&D jzif@ Arm@EkdifiHa&;&_cif;ukd a0zefqef;ppf =unf@=uygpkd@ ? 'Dae&mY vlydef;rsm; em;vnfvG,faom pum;vkH;rsm;ukdokH;jyD; wGufcsufa0zefI &v'frsm;ukd =unf@vkduf&atmif ?
yxrqkH; - 'DEkdifiHa&; upm;uGufav;ukd &Sif;jyyg&ap ? &JtcsKyfcef;xJu tcsKyf usaeolESpfOD;&J@ “ =uH&mr& tajctae ” ukda0zefokH;oyfaomenf;jzif@ wifjyyg&ap? AkdvfwifOD; eJ@ Akdvfcifn$ef@wkdh[m &mZ0wfr_ukd yl;aygif;usL;vGef cJ@=uw,fqkd=uygpkd@? (etz a[mif;ESpfOD;. trnfESif@ wrifwum wkdufqkdifatmif a&;xm;jcif;jzpfygonf) etza[mif; wifOD;ESif@ cifn$ef@wkdh ESpfOD;ukd &Ju oD;jcm;tcsKyfcef;rsm;Y cGJI csKyfxm;vkdufonf qkd}uygpkdh ? (rjzpfEkdifaomfvnf; Oyrm tjzpfom em;vnfvG,fap&eff wifpm;a&;xm;jcif;jzpfygonf)
&Ju ESpfOD;pvkH;ukd oD;jcm;cGJI ppfar;onf ?
· “cifAsm;wkd@ESpfa,mufpvkH; ajzmif@csufay;ygu wa,mufukd axmif (10)ESpfpDcsrnf ?
· cifAsm;wkd@ ESpfa,mufpvkH; E_wfvHk bl;uG,fjyD; vkH;0ajzmif@csufray;=uv#if u|efawmfwkd@ bmr#rwwfEkdif / ESpfOD;pvkH;ukd rv$wfcsifyJ v$wfay;&awm@rnf ?
· tJ - - 'gayrJ@ cifAsm;wkd@ ESpfa,mufxJu / wa,mufuyJ ajzmif@csufay;jyD; wa,mufu bl;uG,fzkd@ =uKd;pm;r,fqkd&ifawmh / ajzmif@csufay;olukd axmif(5) ESpf yJcsjyD; bl;uG,folukd axmif ( 15 ) ESpf csr,f ”
ESpfOD;pvkH; a&ikHE_wfydwfaejcif; onf taumif;qkH;enf;AsL[mjzpfa=umif; vlydef; awG; jzif@yif odEkdifygonf ? 'gyJAs / vG,fvG,f uav;yg ? 'D “yl;;aygif;aqmif&GufrSK” [m EkdifiHa&; upm;uGuf oDtkd&D t& ESpfOD; ESpfzuf tusKd;jyK&v'f ukday;pGrf;EdkifwJh taumif; qkH;enf;AsL[m jzpfygw,f ?
'gayrJ@ tuf(p) 0rf;eJ@ tuf(p) wl; wkdhuawm@odwJ@twkdif;yJav / tJ tJ a,mif
vkd@ bGmbGm cifn$ef@ eJ@ wifOD;wkd@[m tcsKyfcef;xJrSm - - -
· wcef;pDoD;jcm;&Sdae=ujyD; wOD; eJ@wOD;qufoG,fcGif@r& =ubl; ?
· tquftoG,f &cJ@&ifawmifrS olwkd@ESpfOD;[m wOD;ukd wOD;r,kH}ubl; ?
· qkd;wmu ESpfOD;pvkH; [m ,kH=unf zG,faumif;wJh &kd;om; olrsm;r[kwf=ubl; ? cGif@omv#if b ebl;okdufwl; rJ@olrsm;jzpfwmukd tjyeftvSefodae=uw,f ?
AkdvfwifOD;upOf;pm;w,f - - -
· “ Akdvfcifn$ef@ u,kH&wmr[kwfbl; / oluajzmif@csuf ay;vkdufEkdifw,f ? igajzmif@csufray;vkduf &ifigbJ ykdcH&rSm ? igvnf;ajzmif@csufay;vkdufrSaumif; r,f ?
· olu0efrcH&ifvnf;yJ ig0efcHcsufay;vkduf&if olykdxdrSm /
· bmbJjzpfjzpf olajzmif@csufay;ay; ray;ay; igajzmif@ csufay;vkdufwm taumif;qkH;yJ”
wkdufqkdifvkdufwmAsm Akdvfcifn$ef@ uvnf;ol@vkdyJ wom; xJ xyfwlawG;aew,f ? ajrG ajrG jcif;ajcjrifw,fqkdwmrsKd;ayghAsm ? ol@taeeJ@vnf; ajzmif@csufay;wm taumif;qkH;yJ vkd@wGufcsuf qkH;jzwfcsuf csvkdufw,f ?
tJ'Dawm@ olwkd@ESpfOD;pvkH;[m wjcm;olawG bmyJawG;awG; olwhkdukd,fwkdiftwGuf taumif;qkH;jzpfrJ@ wukd,faumif;qefwJ@ enf;AsL[m wpfckwnf;ukdyJ wlnDpGmusif@okH;vkdufrd=ujyD ? 'gukd v$rf;rkd;vkdaomenf;AsL[m [kac:qkdygonf ?
tu,fI qef@usifbuf ESpfOD;pvkH;u 'Dv$rf;rkd;vkdaom (okd@) tEdkif&vkdaomenf; AsL[mukd wlnDpGma&G;cs,frdygu -4if;ukd euf(&Sf)nDr#jcif; [kac:qkdygonf ?
&v'fuawm@ tusOf;om; ESpfOD;pvkH;axmif(10) ESpfpDusoGm;jcif;yifjzpfonf ? nDdn$wfpGm yl;aygif;=uHpnfjyD; E_wfydwfaeygu vGwfEkdifjyD; -,QKawmh xifovkd axmif(5) ESpfpD rxdyJ --- ESpfOD;pvkH; axmif(10)ESpfpD cHvkduf}u&jyD ? (T Oyrmonf AkdvfwifOD; &[wf,mOf ysufusr_ / Akdvfcifn$ef@ axmifESpf&Snfusr_rsm;ESif@ rnfokd@ r# ryufoufyg )
uJ ,ck vGwfvyfa&;t=uKd Arm@EkdifiHa&;acwfukd okH;oyf=uOf=uygpkd@ ?
1 ? EkdifiHupm;uGuf (1)
ukdvdkeDacwfu Arm@EkdifiHa&; ZmwfckHwGif jrefrmrsm; / wkdif;&if;om;rsm; / jrefrmEdkifiHayguf tdENd,ESif@ w&kwf rsKd;EG,frsm;u v_yf&Sm;cJ@=uonf ? tkyfpkuGJjyD; cH,lcsufrwlaomfvnf; olwkd@wawG nDn$wfr_ukd &,lcJ@=uonf ? olwkd@tm;vkH; e,fcsJ@&efukd yl;aygif;awmfvSef wkdufyGJ0ifcJ@=uonf?
'kwd, urBmppftjyD;Yvnf; AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; OD;aqmifI yifvkHnDvmcHjzif@ nDn$wfr_ukd &,lEkdifcJ@ jyefonf ? Armwkd@ utm;omaomfvnf; tjcmtkyfpkrsm;ukd ypfrxm;yJ tm%mukd a0r#IokH;&ef tqkdjyKchJ=uonf ?
'g@a}umifh vnf; EkdifiHa&;upm;uGuf oDtkd&D &Jh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;enf;AsL[m t& - tm;vkH;ukd tusKd;jyKwJ@&v'fukd ay;cJ@jy;D 'kd@wawGvGwfvyfa&;&cJ@w,f ? tJtJ q,fESpf=um&if jynfe,fcGJxufcGif@&Sdw,fqkdwmav;yJ ajymp&m&Sdw,f ?
'gayrJ@ 1947 ESpfrSm AkdvfrSL;=uD;ae0if;&J@ oG,f0dKSufaoG;xkd;ay;cJhr_a=umif@ *VKefOD;apm [m AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;eJ@ tzGJ@ukdvkyf=uHcJ@w,f ? 'g[m v$rf;rkd;vkdaom enf;AsL[ma=umif@ jynfaxmif jrefrmEkdifiH t&_H;ay:cJ@wmukdjyaew,f ?
1962 rSm jynfaxmifpkjyKduGJrSmukd wu,f rpkd;&drf&aomfvn;f tajzcHOya' jyifqifawm@rSmukd ta=umif;jyjyD; ae0if;u ppftm%modrf;cJ@w,f ? ae0if; eJ@ol@aemufvkduf ppftm%m&SifawG[m wkdif;jynf tpdwfpdwftr$mr$m uGJxGufrSmukd umuG,fzkd@vkdh vdrfnm qifajcay;jyD; tm%mukd rv$wfyJ qkyfukdifxm;=uw,f ? ppftpkd;& tqufquf[m tm%mukd a0r#okH;pGJzkd@ nif;y,f=ujyD; wOD;wnf; armifykdifpD;xm;=uw,f?
'Dtcsuf[m tusOf;om;wOD;u yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_r&SdyJ opPmazgufwJ@ OyrmeJ@wlaew,f ? 'ga=umif@ tm;vkH;xd ckdufae=uwmayg@ ? ykdqkd;wmu EkdifiHa&; tajctae [m&_yfaxG;jyD; -tpGef;a&muftzGJ@awG ay:vmw,f ? vlrsKd;bmomcGJjcm;zdEdSyfr_awG jzpfvmw,f ? wEkdifiHvkH; jcpm;tusif@ysufjyD; pD;yGm;a&; ESihfvlr_a&; tajctaeawG ysufpD;,kd,Gif;aejyD; / a&mifpkHolykefrsm;vnf;xae=uw,f ?
2 ? EdkifiHa&;upm;uGuf (2)
'Dwcgawm@ twkduftcH EkdifiHa&;jrifuGif;ukd =unf@&atmif
ppftpkd;&uawm@ tm%mukd cGJa0okH;pGJr_rjyKbJ wOD;wnf;armif ykdifpD;xm;w,f ? trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pD tzGJ@csKyf / wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkrsm; ESif@ajray:ajratmuf olykefrsm; / jynfwGif;jynfy&Sd 'Drkdua&pDv_yf&Sm;olrsm;ukd OayuQQmjyK xm;w,f ?
jidrf;csrf;a&; ,lxm;aom vufeufukdifrsm;&,f ppftpkd;&ESif@ yl;aygif; aqmif&Guf aeaom EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm; taejzif@ ppftpkd;&ESif@ vrf;cGJaom enf;AsL[m ukdusif@okH;&ef vkdygonf ? okd@aomf xkdetz =oZmcHrsm; onfcGJxGufr_ukd tcsdefrSD rvkyfyJ etz ESif@ ylaygif;aeaoma=umif@ axmif 15 ESpfuscHae&aom tusOf;om;. tjzpfrsKd;ukd =uKHae&jyD ? olwkd@vnf;epfemjyD; olwkd@ukd,fpm;jyKygonf qkdaom vlrsKd;pkrsm;vnf; etz . ypfy,f acsmifxkd;r_ukd cHae&ygjyD ?
3 ? EkdifiHa&; upm;uGuf (3)
wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkrsm;&J@ EkdifiHa&;upm;uGif;ukd wcsufokH;oyf=unf@=uOD;pkd@?
ucsif / u,m; / u&if / &Srf; / rGef / &ckdif tp&Sdonf@ tzG@Jrsm;ESif@ tjcm;vlrsKd;pk tzG@Ji,frsm;&J@ tajctaeukd =unf@ygu ppftpkd;&u tm%mcGJay;&ef nif;qkdcH&jyD;csdefwGif ppftpkd;&ESif@ tquftoG,f jzwfI tcsif;csif;eD;uyfpGmyl;aygif;aqmif&Guf=u&ef ta&;=uD;onf ?
tcsKyfom;ESpfOD;pvkH; ajzmif@csufay;ovkd tajctaeayg@? AkdvfwifOD;u ajzmif@csufay;rSawm@ Akdvfcifn$ef@ vnf;zGif@ajym&awm@rayg@ ? rajym&ifcH&rSmayg@ / 'gayrJ@ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkawGu tqkd;qkH; EkdifiHa&;AsL[mukd usifhokH;rd ae=ujyD ? tcsif;csif;rnDn$wfwJ@ tjyif wcsKd@u etz eJ@vufwGJae=uw,f?
etz ppftpkd;&ukd z,fxm;jyD; wenf;=unf@=uOD;pkd@ ?
wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkrsm; / olykefrsm; / ajray:ajratmuf 'Drkdua&pDv_yf&Sm;olrsm; / trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJcsKyfwkd@ ESifhf@ wEdkifiHvkH;&Sd jynfolrsm;ukd =unf@=u&r,f ? tcsKyfom;&J@ tajctae Oyrmt& olwkd@tm;vkH;twGuf taumif;qkH;enf;AsL[muawm@ - yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;yJ ?
'gayrJ@ v$rf;rkd;vkdaom 0g' u r_dif;wkdufaeojzif@ -
vlay:vlaZmfvkyf&ef / bESbl;okdufwl;olrsm;u tcsif;csif; tn$ef@cl;&ef tjrwfxkwf&ef =uHae=uonf ? r[wWr *END &J@vlxktm%mzDqefr_ / tpkd;&ESif@ yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_ jzwfawmufr_wkd@ukd rvkyfbJ opPmazgufaeol wcsKd@uazgufae=uonf?
etz owif;ay; vkyfoluvkyfonf ? etz &J@pm;=uGif;pm;usef t&kd;t&if; ukduf&Edk;Ekd;ESif@ zm;ae=uonf ? wOD; csif; zGJ@ csif; aeESif@wukd,faumif;qefaomvkyf&yfrsm;u wEkdifiHvkH;. ta&;ukdopPmazgufovkd jzpfaejyD ? olwkd@twGuf tusKd;aus;Zl; tenf; i,f&aomfvnf; wEdkifiHvkH;twGuf qkH;&_H;r_=uD;jzpfaeonf ?
4 ? EdkifiHa&;upm;uGufjrifuGif; (4)
twkduftcH ESifh bmoma&;tzGJ@rsm;jrifuGif;ayg@ ?
tm;vkH;taumif;qkH;jzpfzkd@uawm@ tm;vkH;nDn$wfrSjzpfrSmyg ? v$rf;rkd; vkdr_ enf;AsL[m a=umif@ trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pD tzGJ@=uD; taeESif@ c&pf,mef ESif@rGwfqvifrsm;ukd vspfvsL&_xm;aom tajctaejzpfaeonf ?
bmoma&; yËdyuQrsm;Y rnfonf@bufukdrsS jzefajzay;&ef / ndSEkdif;ay;&ef xdrf;xdrf;odrf;odrf;vkyf&ef r}uKd;pm;cJ@ ? Ekdif;iHa&;ESif@ bmoma&;a&maxG;&efrvkd[k qifajcay;onf ? trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@u 'Drkdu&pD&jyD;v#if vlrsKd;pkH bmompkH tm;vkH;.ta&;ukdaqmif&GufygrnfwJ@ ? ,ckzGif@ajymvkdufv#if Ak'<bmomvlxkESif@ bkef;awmf=uD;rsm;. axmufcHr_avsm@enf; oGm;rnfukd pkd;&drf[efwlonf ?
ppfrSefaom 'Drkdua&pDY vlrsm;pkonf vlenf;pkukd v$rf;rkd;tEkdifrusif@ovkd rjzpfap&ef vlrsm;pkonf vlenf;pk &ykdifcGif@rsm;ukd oabmxm;}uD; nSmwm umuG,fay;&ef wm0ef&Sdonf ?
etz url&aomtcGif@ta&;ukdvufrv$wfbJ trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@twGif; okd@ ukvm;rsm; xkd;azguf0ifa&mufaejyD[k 0g'jzef@csDr_pwifjyKvkyfae=ujyD ?
'DEkdifiHa&;upm;uGuf trSwf(5) uawm@ ukdvkdeDacwfuxJu tm%m&Siftquf qufatmifjrifpGm usif@okH;cJ@wJ@ cGJjcm;&efwkdufay;jyD; tkyfcsKyfwJ@ vrf;pOfyg ? jrefrmEkdifiH om;tm;vkH; 'DtuGufukd owdjyKrdoif@onf ?
jrefrmhEkdifiHa&;twGuf taumif;qkH;EkdifiHa&;upm;uGuf ukd az:jyyg&ap ?
vlxkw&yfvkH;ukd tajccHaom trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ twkduftcH EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;tm;vkH; / wkdif;&if;om; vlrsKd;pktm;vkH;ESif@ bmoma&;tzGJ@rsm; tm;vkH; pnf;vkH;nDn$wfpGmjzihf pkaygif;I vuf&Sd etz ESif@nSdE_dif;jyD; tdrfapmif@tpkd;&w&yfzGJ@I jrefrmEkdifiHukd 5 ESpfrS 10 ESpf=umonftxd tkyfcsKyf&efyifjzpfonf ? wkdif;jynf bufpkH wkd;wufatmif&GufI / trsm;oabmwlEkdifrnf@ zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccH Oya' wpfckukda&;qGJ&rnf ?
&Spfav;vkH; v_kyf&Sm;r_rS tusKd;tjrwftcsKd@&cJ@aomfvnf; ukd;av;vkH; / ajcmuf
okH;vkH; ESif@ ygarmuQ qvkdif;oef;xGef; v_H@aqmfchJaom vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;rSm 0rf;enf;zG,f atmifjrifrSK ESifh a0;aecJ@ygonf ?
,cktcg oabmaumif;[efaqmif rsufESmcsKdjyD; oumavmif;aom pum;rsm;jzif@ urBmukd vSnf@zsm; aecJ@aom AkdvfcsKyfcifn$ef@ vnf;r&Sdawm@jyD jzpfI etz . [efaqmif rsufemzkH; uGmusovkdjzpfaejyD ? olwkd@.yifukd,f rsufESmukd wurBmvkH;u awhGjrifcJ@&jyD ?
tmpD,H / tar&duef / Oa&mybkHaps;ESif@ ukvor*~ wkd@uvnf; 'kdhtwkduftcHbuf rSm&SdaejyD ? 'Dtcsdef[m u|Ekfyfwkd@ twkduftcHrsm; nDnDn$wfn$wfjzif@ usm;uGufa&G@cGif@&aom tvSnf@yg ?
· tqdyfr&dSaomajrGqkdvsif uav;uyifrav;pm;wwfyg /
· e*g;rSef;odatmif tarmuf axmifjy&ef tcsdefa&mufjyD ?
· vlxktkH=uGr_rpEkdifao;cif t=urf;rzufaom tm%mzDqef r_rsm;ukdpwifoif@jyD ?
· etz ppftpkd;&eSif@aqGrsKd;rdwfaqGrsm;ukd 0kdif;z,fa&Smif=uOf=upkd@ ?
· ppftpkd;ESif@wwfEkdifor# ryufoufbJae=upkd@?
· vkyf&Jol&Sdvsif etz xdyfykdif;ESif@aqGrsKd;rsm;ukd qef@usifr_jyKI tusKd;xdcdkufatmif vkyf&rnf ?
· ,ck tcsdefY olwkd@wawG jrefrmEkdifiH twGif;Y vGwfvyfpGmoGm;vmv_yf&Sm;ae =uonf?
· olwkd@wawGukdd ajzmufvSef@&efESif@ olwkd@v_yf&Sm;r_ukd xdrf;csKyfEkdif&efusKd;pm;&rnf ?
· &Srf;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESif@ bm;rm;'kdif*suf(p) wkd@jyifqifaeaom EkdifiHwumw&m;&kH; Y etz ppfacgif;aqmifrsm;ukd w&m;pGJaom udpPukd 0kdif;0ef;ulnDvkyfaqmif=u&ef vkdjyD ?
· tu,fI w&m;pGJEkdifjyD; EkdifiHwum &JtzGJ@rSzrf;0&rf;xkwffEkdifv#if olwkd@awGukd csKyfrdjyD ?
· olwkd@rdwfaqG tdrfeD;em;jcif;EkdifiHrsm;okd@ oGm;&ef EkdifiHwumava=umif; xJ0if&efyifolwkd@@ ESpfcgjyefpOf;pm;&awm@rnf ?
· olwkd@ESif@olwkd@rdom;pk aqGrsKd;rdwfaqGwk@d twGufpdwfrcsEdkif aomtajctaeukd a&mufap&rnf?
· olwkd@ om;orD; rsm;EkdifiHjcm;Y pmoif&efta=umif;jyI ajcukyf,lr_rsm;ukdvnf; EkdifiHwum Oya't& wm;jrpff=u&rnf ?
tao;pdwfukd etz rkef;wD;=uygpkd@ aqmif;yg;Y qufvufzwf&_yg&ef ?
(Akdvfatmif'ifa&;I xGef;atmifbmomjyefonf)
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